Figured it out.
The category description is connected to the visibility of the page title in WC. When the page title is visible it will also show the descriptions.
This is the screenshot from the category page (unfortunately in Estonian) and I want the text in the description box (marked with blue) to appear in Woocommerce product category page before the subcategories (next screenshot, marked with blue).
Link to the page: https://hingelaegas.ee/product-category/kehahooldus/
It showed automatically in the free version of Ashe theme (if I remember correctly), but not in the pro version.